After reinstalling my Computer and installing Bitdefender it started blocking Acrobat Reader DC (free edition), or rather the process "AcroRd32.exe" from starting.
I am pretty certain the issue has to do with the "Advanced Threat Defense" and the "Exploit detection" because after deactivating "Exploit detection" I can use Adobe Reader again.
I have tried adding the Program to the exceptions list to no avail. So for now I am forced to run Bitdefender with "Exploit detection" deactivated.